has part lacks_plasma_membrane_part has plasma membrane part capable of CD4-positive helper T cell T-helper 1 cell Th1 T lymphocyte FMA:84382 T helper cells type 1 T(H)-1 cell helper T cell type 1 This cell type is compatible with the HIPC Lyoplate markers for 'Th1 CD4+ T cell', but its logical definition includes additional known characteristics of T-helper 1 T cells. Th1 CD4+ T cell https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000545 Th1 T-lymphocyte T-helper 1 (Th1) cells are a subset of mature T lymphocytes. These cells are integral parts of the adaptive immune system, and their primary function is in cell-mediated immunity. Th1 cells play a pivotal role in the immune response against intracellular pathogens. Activation of naive T lymphocytes produces different effector cell phenotypes based upon the cytokine signals they receive during activation. Th1 differentiation is favored by interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, type 1 interferons, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Th1 cells exert their immune function by producing and releasing certain types of cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-2. IFN-γ activates macrophages and enhances their ability to destroy intracellular pathogens, including viruses and certain bacteria. These cytokines also play a role in activating macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells, thus perpetuating the immune response. Release of cytokines by Th1 cells at the site of infection, dependent on the cell’s recognition of the antigen via MHC-II molecules, helps to direct the immune response. Some Th1 effector cells appear to develop into memory T cells. This enables them to react more swiftly and robustly if the same pathogen is encountered again. These cells Th1 cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of several types of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. (This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.) BTO:0001678 Th1 T-cell Th1 T cell A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive, CXCR3-positive, CCR6-negative, and is capable of producing interferon-gamma. Th1 cell type II interferon production Homo sapiens C-C chemokine receptor type 6 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 3 T-box transcription factor TBX21