fibroblast preadipocyte 2010-09-20T02:31:53Z An undifferentiated fibroblast that can be stimulated to form a fat cell. BTO:0001107 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0002334 A preadipocyte is an immature precursor to adipocytes, which are specialized cells primarily tasked with the storage of energy in the form of lipids, making them key in metabolic regulation and overall energy homeostasis. Preadipocytes are present in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissues and can be identified by their fibroblastic morphology and the expression of specific markers such as Pref-1, CD24, CD34, and CD29. The primary function of preadipocytes is to proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes upon receiving the appropriate physiological and hormonal stimuli. The process of adipogenesis, involving the differentiation of preadipocytes, is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and members of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) family. Through adipogenesis, preadipocytes contribute to the body's energy storage and insulation capabilities and act as a buffer to control the levels of free fatty acids in the bloodstream. When the energy balance of the body alters, for example during fasting or overnutrition, preadipocytes can respond by modulating adipogenic differentiation and lipid storage, illustrating their dynamic role in metabolic regulation. Additionally, research has shown that preadipocytes also contribute to endocrine function. They produce and secrete several adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. These adipokines impact a variety of physiological processes, including appetite regulation, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and immune responses. Dysregulation of preadipocyte function and adipogenesis is associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.)